The first group is the most differentiated as expected from their lava-like texture, whereas the second group is less differentiated and covers the range of sub-Plinian pumice. The groundmass interstices of the dense juvenile fragments of the Vulcanian explosions are divided into two groups. The pumice of the sub-Plinian eruption has the least differentiated groundmass interstices composition. The interstices of microlites and relatively large nanolites (> 0.4 nm width) in the groundmass of pyroclasts (“groundmass interstices”) were studied to reveal shallow magmatic processes that lead to different eruption styles. In the 2011 eruption of Shinmoedake of the Kirishima volcano group, sub-Plinian eruptions were followed by lava extrusion with intermittent Vulcanian explosions.
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